Wednesday, 8 February 2012
In the words of Peter Kropotkin, anarchism is "without a government system of socialism." (Kropotkin's Revolutionary Pamphlets, p. 46). In other words, "the elimination of exploitation and oppression committed against another person, namely the abolition of private property (ie capitalism) and the government." (Errico Malatesta, "Towards Anarchism," in Man), M. Graham (Ed), p. 75)
Therefore anarchism is a political theory which aims to create a society without a hierarchy of social, political, and economic. Anarchists maintain that anarchy, the absence of regulation, is a form that may take place in the community and also work to maximize individual freedom and social equality. They see that the goal of freedom and equality support themselves together. Or in Bakunin's famous dictum:
"We are convinced that freedom without Socialism is something that is not fair and give privileges to certain people, and that socialism without freedom is slavery and brutality." (The Political Philosophy of Bakunin, p 269)
History of human society proves this point. Liberty without equality is only liberty for the power and equality without freedom is impossible and a justification for slavery.
Although there are many different types of anarchism (from individualist anarchism to communist anarchism), there are two common positions on all core-resistance to the government and capitalism. In the words of an individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker, anarchism demanded the "abolition of the state and usury; there was no rule against the people, and no more exploitation committed against another person." (Mentioned in Native American Anarchism - A Study of Left -wing American Individualism by, Eunice Schuster, p 140) All anarchists view profit, interest, and loans as usury (as an example of exploitation) and also against it, including the conditions that created it, as against the government and the state.
More generally, in the words of L. Susan Brown, "the unification of the chain" in anarchism "is a universal condemnation of hierarchy and domination, and the willingness to fight for the freedom of individual human beings." (The Politcs of Individualism, p 108) For the anarchists, a person can not be free if they are subject to or capitalist state power.
So anarchism is a political theory advocating the creation of anarchy, a society based on the phrase "without rules". To achieve this, "along with all socialists, anarchists argue that private ownership of land, capital, and machinery has had its day, and will end: and all production needs must, and will, become the common property of society, and set together for the sake of production of welfare. And ... they maintain that the ideal political arrangement of society is a condition in which the command role is reduced to the minimum point ... (and) the goal society berama role of government is reduced to all-that is, towards a society without government, to anarchy. " (Peter Kropotkin, op.cit., p 46)
So anarchism could mean positive and negative. Analyze and criticize anarchism today's society while at the same time offering a view of the potential new society-a society which maximizes human specific needs that are currently denied. These needs, the most basic, are liberty, equality, and solidarity.
Anarchism unites critical analysis with hope, because as shown Bakunin, "The urge to destroy is the impulse to create". One can not build a better society without understanding what is wrong with society today.
About anarchism (Part I):
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